On and Off Chip Capacitor Free, Fast Response, Low Drop-out Voltage Regulator
Abstract
A low drop-out [LDO] voltage regulator with fasttransient response which does not require capacitor for proper
operation is proposed in this paper. Recent cap-less LDOs do
not use off chip capacitor but instead they use on chip capacitor
which occupy large area on chip. In the proposed LDO this on
chip capacitor is also avoided. A novel secondary local feed-back
technique is introduced which helps to achieve a good transient
response even in the absence of output capacitor. Further a
self compensating error amplifier is selected to eliminate the
need of compensating capacitor. Stability analysis shows that the
proposed LDO is stable with a phase margin of 78 0 . The proposed
LDO is laid out using Cadence spectre in 180 nm standard CMOS
technology. Post layout simulation is carried out and LDO gives
6mV/V and 360μV /mA line and load regulation respectively. An
undershoot of 120 mV is observed during the load transition
from 0 mA to 50 mA with 1 μs transition time, however LDO is
able to recover within 1.4μs. Since capacitor is not required in
any part of design, it occupies only 0.010824 mmXmm area on chip.
References
Y. Zeng, Y. Li, X. Zhang, and H.-z. Tan, “A push-pulled fvf based output-
capacitorless ldo with adaptive power transistors,” Microelectronics
Journal, vol. 64, pp. 69–77, 2017.
A. Saberkari, E. Alarcón, and S. B. Shokouhi, “Fast transient current-
steering cmos ldo regulator based on current feedback amplifier,” Inte-
gration, the VLSI Journal, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 165–171, 2013.
J. Hinojo, C. Luján-Martı́nez, A. Torralba, and J. Ramı́rez-Angulo,
“Internally compensated ldo regulator based on the cascoded fvf,”
Microelectronics Journal, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1268–1274, 2014.
S.-K. Kao, Y.-Z. Lee, C.-Y. Ku, and H.-C. Cheng, “Output capacitor-
free low-dropout regulator with fast transient response and ultra small
compensation capacitor,” Microelectronics Journal, vol. 56, pp. 134–
, 2016.
X. Ming, N. Li, X.-m. Zhang, Y. Lu, Z.-k. Zhou, and Z. Wang, “A
capacitor-less ldo regulator with dynamic transconductance enhancement
technique,” Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 84,
no. 3, pp. 433–444, 2015.
J. Yeo, K. Javed, J. Lee, J. Roh, and J.-D. Park, “A capacitorless low-
dropout regulator with enhanced slew rate and 4.5ua quiescent current,”
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 90, no. 1, pp.
–235, 2017.
Y. Yosef-Hay, D. Ø. Larsen, P. L. Muntal, and I. H. Jørgensen, “Fully
integrated, low drop-out linear voltage regulator in 180 nm cmos,”
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, pp. 1–10, 2017.
C.-M. Chen, T.-W. Tsai, and C.-C. Hung, “Fast transient low-dropout
voltage regulator with hybrid dynamic biasing technique for soc ap-
plication,” IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)
Systems, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1742–1747, 2013.
J. Esteves, J. Pereira, J. Paisana, and M. Santos, “Ultra low power capless ldo with dynamic biasing of derivative feedback,” Microelectronics
Journal, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 94–102, 2013.
Y.-i. Kim and S.-s. Lee, “A capacitorless ldo regulator with fast feedback technique and low-quiescent current error amplifier,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 326–330,
C. Li and P. K. Chan, “Fvf ldo regulator with dual dynamic-load com-
posite gain stage,” Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing,
pp. 1–10, 2017.
S. J. Yun, J. S. Kim, and Y. S. Kim, “Capless ldo regulator achieving-76
db psr and 96.3 fs fom,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II:
Express Briefs, 2016.
X. Han, T. Burger, and Q. Huang, “An output-capacitor-free adaptively
biased ldo regulator with robust frequency compensation in 0.13 μm
cmos for soc application,” in Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2016 IEEE
International Symposium on. IEEE, 2016, pp. 2699–2702.
K. N. Leung and P. K. Mok, “A capacitor-free cmos low-dropout
regulator with damping-factor-control frequency compensation,” IEEE
Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 1691–1702, 2003.
S. K. Lau, P. K. Mok, and K. N. Leung, “A low-dropout regulator for
soc with q-reduction,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42,
no. 3, pp. 658–664, 2007.
X. L. Tan, S. S. Chong, P. K. Chan, and U. Dasgupta, “A ldo regulator
with weighted current feedback technique for 0.47 nf–10 nf capacitive
load,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 49, no. 11, pp. 2658–
, 2014.
H. Banba, H. Shiga, A. Umezawa, T. Miyaba, T. Tanzawa, S. Atsumi,
and K. Sakui, “A cmos bandgap reference circuit with sub-1-v opera-
tion,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 670–674,
S. Hongprasit, W. Sa-Ngiamvibool, and A. Aurasopon, “Design of
bandgap core and startup circuits for all cmos bandgap voltage ref-
erence,” PRZEGLAD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY, vol. 88, no. 4 A, pp.
–280, 2012.
C. J. B. Fayomi, G. I. Wirth, H. F. Achigui, and A. Matsuzawa, “Sub 1 v
cmos bandgap reference design techniques: a survey,” Analog Integrated
Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 141–157, 2010.
P. Pérez-Nicoli, F. Veirano, P. C. Lisboa, and F. Silveira, “Low-power op-
erational transconductance amplifier with slew-rate enhancement based
on non-linear current mirror,” Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal
Processing, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 521–529, 2016.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
