Investigation of VBLAST Equalization Technique for Underwater Acoustic Communications
Abstract
Underwater Acoustic Communications (UWAC) is an emerging technology in the field of underwater communications, and it is challenging because of the signal attenuation of the sound waves. Multiple Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) is introduced in UWAC because of its support in enhancing the data throughput even under the conditions of interference, signal fading, and multipath. The paper presents the concept and analysis of 2× 2 MIMO UWAC systems that uses a 4- QAM spatial modulation scheme thus minimizing the decoding complexity and overcoming the Inter Channel Interference (IChI). Bit Error Rate (BER) investigation is carried out over different link distances under acoustic Line of Sight (LOS). The utilization of Zero Forcing (ZF) and Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (VBLAST) equalizers, which estimates the transmitted data proves a success of removing Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). The ISI caused due to multipath effect and scattering in UWAC can be reduced by iterative process considered in VBLAST. A study is made on how the distance between the transmitter and the receiver and the Doppler Effect has its impact on the performance of the system.References
Xu, Tianzeng, and Lufeng Xu. Digital Underwater Acoustic Communications. Elsevier, Academic Press 2016.
Stojanovic, M., 1999. Underwater acoustic communication. Wiley Encyclopaedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, pp.1-12
Stojanovic, M., 2007. On the relationship between capacity and distance in an underwater acoustic communication channel. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 11(4), pp.34-43.
Diamant, R., Bucris, Y. and Feuer, A., 2016. An efficient method to measure the reliability of underwater acoustic communication links. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science, 1(2), pp.129-134.
Gu, S., Guo, S. and Zheng, L., 2018, August. Characteristic Evaluation of the Mobile Acoustic Communication for Spherical Underwater Robots (SUR III). In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA) (pp. 2191-2196). IEEE.
Pranitha, B. and Anjaneyulu, L., 2016, December. Performance evaluation of Underwater Communication system using block codes. In Eco-friendly Computing and Communication Systems (ICECCS), 2016 Fifth International Conference on (pp. 58-62). IEEE.
Diamant, R., Feuer, A., and Dotan, A.A., 2007. Time reversal MIMO architecture for very shallow underwater acoustic communication (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
BOUVET, P.J. and LOUSSERT, A., MIMO underwater acoustic communications over shallow water channel.
Garg, J., Gupta, K. and Ghosh, P.K., 2013. Performance Analysis of MIMO Wireless Communications over Fading Channels-A Review. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 2(4), pp.1272-1302.
Goswami, Y. and Naik, K.K., 2018. Comparative survey on Underwater and Terrestrial Communication Data rates.
Zhang, L., Li, M., Li, G. and Wang, R., 2015. Symbol estimation algorithm for MIMO underwater acoustic communication system based on a multiplicative noise model. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2015.
Pranitha, B, Le Minh, H., Aslam, N., Anjaneyulu, L. and Vangala, S., 2018, July. BER Performance Investigation of MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communications. In 2018 11th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Rana, R.C. and Rathod, J.M., 2017. Performance Analysis of Efficient Power Allocation Techniques with Different Modulation for 4X4 VBLAST MIMO-OFDM System. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 10(17).
Shen, C., Zhu, Y., Zhou, S. and Jiang, J., 2004, November. On the performance of VBLAST with zero-forcing successive interference cancellation receiver. In Global Telecommunications Conference, 2004. GLOBECOM’04.IEEE (Vol. 5, pp. 2818-2822). IEEE
Patel, K.V. and Patel, M., VBLAST Architecture: A New Transmission Scheme for MIMO–OFDM. PG Student, EC Department, KIT RC, Kalol, Gujarat, India (ISSN: 0975–6779| NOV 12 TO OCT 13| VOLUME–02, ISSUE–02).
Zhang, S., Nie, C., Lu, L., Zhang, S. and Qian, G., 2012, October. MIMO physical layer network coding based on VBLAST detection. In 2012 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Akbar, N., Khan, A.A., Butt, F.Q., Saleem, M.S., Riffat, S. and Iqbal, R., 2013, April. Performance analysis of energy detection spectrum sensing using MIMO-OFDM VBLAST Test Bed. In Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC), 2013 6th Joint IFIP (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Li, Y., Zhang, S. and Wang, H., 2013. BER performance analysis of MIMO Physical-layer Network Coding based on VBLAST detection Target, 1, p.2.
Nguyen, T.N., Lai, X., Tran, B., Nguyen, Q.K. and Nguyen, T.D., 2014, April. Performance analysis of the VBLAST algorithm for MIMO-OFDMA systems on spatial correlated channels. In Computing, Management and Telecommunications (ComManTel), 2014 International Conference on (pp. 146-151). IEEE.
Diamant, R. and Lampe, L., 2018. Low Probability of Detection for Underwater Acoustic Communication: A Review. IEEE Access, 6, pp.19099-19112.
Ochi, H., Watanabe, Y. and Shimura, T., 2004. Experiments on acoustic communication with quadrature amplitude modulation in multipath environment. Japanese journal of applied physics, 43(5S), p.3140.
Stojanovic, M. and Preisig, J., 2009. Underwater acoustic communication channels: Propagation models and statistical characterization. IEEE communications magazine, 47(1), pp.84-89
Pranitha, B. and Anjaneyulu, L., 2016, April. Review of research trends in underwater communications—A technical survey. In Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), 2016 International Conference on (pp. 1443-1447). IEEE
.
Naderi, M., Pätzold, M. and Zajic, A.G., 2014, July. A geometry-based channel model for shallow underwater acoustic channels under the rough surface and bottom scattering conditions. In Communications and Electronics (ICCE), 2014 IEEE fifth international conference on (pp. 112-117). IEEE.
Pranitha, B. and Anjaneyulu, L., 2016. BER Performance Evaluation of Underwater Communication System with Spatial Diversity. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(S1).
Malik, M. and Kaushik, R., 2016. MIMO-OFDM and idma scheme in underwatercommunication. IJITR, 4(3), pp.2971-2976.
Wolniansky, P.W., Foschini, G.J., Golden, G.D., and Valenzuela, R.A., 1998, September. VBLAST: An architecture for realizing very high data rates over the rich-scattering wireless channel. In Signals, Systems, and Electronics, 1998. ISSSE 98. 1998 URSI International Symposium on (pp. 295-300). IEEE.
Schwarz, R.T., Knopp, A. and Lankl, B., 2012, March. SC-FDE VBLAST system concept for MIMO over satellite with antenna misalignment. In Systems, Signals, and Devices (SSD), 2012 9th International Multi-Conference on (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
Patel, K.V. and Patel, M., VBLAST Architecture: A New Transmission Scheme for MIMO–OFDM. PG Student, EC Department, KIT RC, Kalol, Gujarat, India (ISSN: 0975–6779| NOV 12 TO OCT 13| VOLUME–02, ISSUE–02).
Gohar, N.D. and Rafique, Z., 2003. VBLAST: a space-division multiplexing technique is providing a spectral efficiency necessary for high data rate wireless networks. Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences, Pakistan.
Barmashe, P.K., and Nema, R., Performance Evaluation of VBLAST MIMO System using BPSK.
Chourasia, S.K. and Pandey, R., 2014. Extensive Survey on MIMO Technology using V-BLAST Detection Technique. International Journal of Computer Applications, 98(5).
Caley, M. and Duncan, A., 2013. Investigation of underwater acoustic multi-path Doppler and delay spreading in a shallow marine environment. Acoustics Australia, 41(1), pp.20-28.
Burrowes, G. and Khan, J.Y., 2011. Short-range underwater acoustic communication networks. In Autonomous Underwater Vehicles. InTech.
Mesleh, R., Ganesan, S. and Haas, H., 2007, September. Impact of channel imperfections on spatial modulation OFDM. In Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2007. PIMRC 2007. IEEE 18th International Symposium on (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Xiao, Z., Xiao, H., Jingwei, Y. and Xueli, S., 2013. Study on Doppler effects estimate in underwater acoustic communication. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 133(5), pp.3463-3463.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
