Comparative BER Analysis of Free Space Optical System using Wavelength Diversity over Exponentiated Weibull channel
Abstract
Atmospheric turbulence is considered as major threat to Free Space Optical (FSO) communication as it causes irradiance and phase fluctuations of the transmitted signal which degrade the performance of FSO system. Wavelength diversity is one of the techniques to mitigate these effects. In this paper,the wavelength diversity technique is applied to FSO system to improve the performance under different turbulence conditions which are modeled using Exponentiated Weibull (EW) channel. In this technique, the data was communicated through 1.55 µm, 1.31 µm, and 0.85 µm carrier wavelengths. Optimal Combining (OC) scheme has been considered to receive the signals at
receiver. Mathematical equation for average BER is derived for wavelength diversity based FSO system. Results are obtained for the different link length under different turbulence conditions. The obtained average BER results for different turbulence conditions characterized by EW channel is compared with the published result of average BER for different turbulence which is presented by classical channel model. A comparative BER analysis shows that maximum advantage of wavelength diversity technique is obtained when different turbulence conditions are modeled by EW channel.
References
V. W. S. Chan, “Free-Space Optical Communications,” J. Light. Technol., vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 4750–4762, dec 2006, doi: 10.1109/JLT.2006.885252
R. S. Lawrence and J. W. Strohbehn, “A survey of clear-air propagation effects relevant to optical communications,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 1523–1545, 1970, doi: 10.1109/PROC.1970.7977
J. Schuster, “Free space optics technology overview,” a Present., 2002.
H. A. Fadhil, A. Amphawan, H. A. B. Shamsuddin, T. H. Abd, H. M. R.
Al-Khafaji, S. A. Aljunid, and N. Ahmed, “Optimization of free space
optics parameters: An optimum solution for bad weather conditions,”
Opt. J. Light Electron Opt., vol. 124, no. 19, pp. 3969–3973, 2013,
doi: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2012.11.059
E. Wainright, H. H. Refai, and J. J. Sluss Jr, “Wavelength diversity in
free-space optics to alleviate fog effects,” in Free. Laser Commun. Technol. XVII, vol. 5712. International Society for Optics and Photonics,
, pp. 110–118, doi: 10.1117/12.591193
L. C. Andrews, R. L. Phillips, C. Y. Hopen, and M. A. Al-Habash, “Theory of optical scintillation,” JOSA A, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1417–1429,
, doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.16.001417
H. Henniger and O. Wilfert, “An Introduction to Free-space Optical
Communications.” Radioengineering, vol. 19, no. 2, 2010.
H. Moradi, M. Falahpour, H. H. Refai, P. G. LoPresti, and M. Atiquzzaman, “BER analysis of optical wireless signals through lognormal fading channels with perfect CSI,” in 2010 17th Int. Conf. Telecommun. IEEE, 2010, pp. 493–497, doi: 10.1109/ICTEL.2010.5478870
M. Uysal and J. Li, “Error rate performance of coded free-space optical
links over gamma-gamma turbulence,” in 2004 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun.
(IEEE Cat. No. 04CH37577), vol. 6. IEEE, 2004, pp. 3331–3335,
doi: 10.1109/ICC.2004.1313162
H. E. Nistazakis, V. D. Assimakopoulos, and G. S. Tombras, “Performance estimation of free space optical links over negative exponential atmospheric turbulence channels,” Opt. J. Light Electron Opt., vol. 122, no. 24, pp. 2191–2194, 2011, doi:ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2011.01.013
M. Uysal, S. M. Navidpour, and J. Li, “Error rate performance of
coded free-space optical links over strong turbulence channels,” IEEE
Commun. Lett., vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 635–637, 2004, doi: 10.1109/ LCOMM.2004.835306
R. Barrios and F. Dios, “Exponentiated weibull distribution family under aperture averaging for gaussian beam waves,” Optics express, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 13 055–13 064, 2012, doi: 10.1364/OE.20.013055
L. M. Wasiczko and C. C. Davis, “Aperture averaging of optical
scintillations in the atmosphere: experimental results,” in Atmos. Propag.
II, vol. 5793. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2005, pp.
–208, doi: 10.1117/12.606020
P. R. Barbier, D. W. Rush, M. L. Plett, and P. Polak-Dingels, “Performance improvement of a laser communication link incorporating
adaptive optics,” in Artif. Turbul. Imaging Wave Propag., vol. 3432.
International Society for Optics and Photonics, 1998, pp. 93–102,
doi: 10.1117/12.327974
J. A. Anguita, I. B. Djordjevic, M. A. Neifeld, and B. V. Vasic, “Highrate error-correction codes for the optical atmospheric channel,” in Free. Laser Commun. V, vol. 5892. International Society for Optics and
Photonics, 2005, p. 58920V, doi: 10.1117/12.615760
S. S. Muhammad, T. Javornik, I. Jelovcan, E. Leitgeb, and O. Koudelka, “Reed solomon coded PPM for terrestrial FSO links,” in 2007 Int. Conf. Electr. Eng. IEEE, 2007, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/ICEE.2007.4287281
D. Shah and D. K. Kothari, “BER Performance of FSO link under strong turbulence with different Coding Techniques,” IJCSC, vol. 8, pp. 4–9, 2015, doi: 10.031206/IJCSC.2016.002
H. E. Nistazakis and G. S. Tombras, “On the use of wavelength and
time diversity in optical wireless communication systems over gamma–
gamma turbulence channels,” Optics & laser technology, vol. 44, no. 7,
pp. 2088–2094, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.03.021
D. Shah, D. K. Kothari, and A. K. Ghosh, “Bit error rate analysis of
the K channel using wavelength diversity,” Opt. Eng., vol. 56, no. 5, p.
, 2017, doi: 10.1117/1.OE.56.5.056106
T. A. Tsiftsis, H. G. Sandalidis, G. K. Karagiannidis, and M. Uysal,
“Optical wireless links with spatial diversity over strong atmospheric
turbulence channels,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 8, no. 2, pp.
–957, 2009, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2009.071318
D. Giggenbach, B. L. Wilkerson, H. Henniger, and N. Perlot,
“Wavelength-diversity transmission for fading mitigation in the atmospheric optical communication channel,” in Free. Laser Commun. VI,
vol. 6304. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2006, p.
H, doi: 10.1117/12.680924
M. M. Ibrahim and A. M. Ibrahim, “Performance analysis of optical receivers with space diversity reception,” IEEE proceedings Communications, vol. 143, no. 6, pp. 369–372, 1996, doi: ip-com: 19960885
K. P. Peppas, F. Lazarakis, A. Alexandridis, and K. Dangakis, “Simple, accurate formula for the average bit error probability of multipleinput multiple-output free-space optical links over negative exponential turbulence channels,” Opt. Lett., vol. 37, no. 15, pp. 3243–3245, 2012, doi: 10.1364/OL.37.003243
R. R. Parenti and R. J. Sasiela, “Distribution models for optical scintillation due to atmospheric turbulence,” MASSACHUSETTS INST OF
TECH LEXINGTON LINCOLN LAB, Tech. Rep., 2005.
S. Nadarajah and A. K. Gupta, “On the moments of the exponentiated Weibull distribution,” Commun. Stat. Methods, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 253– 256, 2005, doi: 10.1080/03610920509342418
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, “Handbook of Mathematical Functions 10th Printing with Corrections,” Natl. Bur. Stand. Appl. Math. Ser., vol. 55, 1972.
A. Goldsmith, Wireless communications. Cambridge university press,
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
