Pilot based MMSE Channel Estimation for Spatial Modulated OFDM Systems
Abstract
Due to the multifold growth in demands of multimedia services and mobile data, the request for increased channel capacity in mobile and wireless communication has been quickly increasing. Developing a wireless system with more spectral efficiency under varying channel condition is a key challenge to provide more bit rates with limited spectrum. Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO) system with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) gives higher gain by using the direct and the reflected signals, thus facilitating the transmission at high data rate. An integration of Spatial Modulation (SM) with OFDM (SM OFDM) is a newly evolved transmission technique and has been suggested as a replacement for MIMO -OFDM transmission. In practical scenarios, channel estimation is significant for detecting transmitted data coherently. This paper proposes pilot based, Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) channel estimation for the SM OFDM communication system. We have focused on analyzing Symbol Error Rate (SER) and Mean Square error (MSE) under Rayleigh channel employing International Telecommunication Union (ITU) specified Vehicular model of Pilot based MMSE channel estimator using windowed Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and MMSE weighting function. Simulation output shows that proposed estimator’s SER performance lies close to that of the MMSE optimal estimator in minimizing aliasing error and suppressing channel noise by using frequency domain data windowing and time domain weighting function. Usage of the Hanning window eliminates error floor and has a compact side lobe level compared to Hamming window and Rectangular window. Hanning window has a larger MSE at low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) values and decreases with high SNR values. It is concluded that data windowing technique can minimize the side lobe level and accordingly minimize channel estimation error when interpolation is done. MMSE weighting suppresses channel noise and improves estimation performance. Since Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform(IDFT)/DFT transforms can be implemented with fast algorithms Inverse Fast Fourier Transform( IFFT)/Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) computational complexity can be remarkably reduced.
References
Mohammadi A, Ghannouchi FM. Single RF front-end MIMO transceivers. InRF transceiver design for MIMO wireless communications, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, :pp. 265-288,2012.
Mesleh R, Haas H, Ahn CW, Yun S. Spatial modulation-a new low complexity spectral efficiency enhancing technique. In2006 First International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (pp. 1-5). IEEE, Oct 25 2006.
Wen M, Zheng B, Kim KJ, Di Renzo M, Tsiftsis TA, Chen KC, Al-Dhahir N. A survey on spatial modulation in emerging wireless systems: Research progresses and applications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,;37(9):1949-72, Jul 17,2019.
Doğan H, Panayırcı E, Poor HV. Low-complexity joint data detection and channel equalisation for highly mobile orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. IET communications,;4(8):1000-11, May 21,2010.
Haas H, Sinanovic S, Ahn CW, Yun S. Spatial modulation. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol, ;57(4):2228-41, Jul 2008.
Biguesh M, Gershman AB. Training-based MIMO channel estimation: a study of estimator tradeoffs and optimal training signals. IEEE transactions on signal processing;54(3):884-93, Feb 21,2006.
Yalcin M, Akan A, Doğan H. Low-complexity channel estimation for OFDM systems in high-mobility fading channels. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, 25;20(4):583-92, Apr. 2012.
Andrews JG, Ghosh A, and Muhamed R. Fundamentals of WiMAX: understanding broadband wireless networking. Pearson Education; Feb 27,2007.
Dahlman E, Parkvall S, Skold J. 4G: LTE/LTE- advanced for mobile broadband. Academic press; Oct 7,2013.
Coleri S, Ergen M, Puri A, Bahai A. Channel estimation techniques based on pilot arrangement in OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on broadcasting.,7;48(3):223-9, Nov 2002 .
Wu Y, Zhao Y, Li D. Channel estimation for pilot-aided OFDM systems in single frequency network. Wireless Personal Communications, 1;62(1):227-45,Jan 2012.
Doğan H. On detection in MIMO-OFDM systems over highly mobile wireless channels. Wireless personal communications,;86(2):683-704, Jan 2016 .
Acar Y, Doğan H, Panayirci E. Pilot symbol aided channel estimation for spatial modulation-OFDM systems and its performance analysis with different types of interpolations. Wireless Personal Communications, 1;94(3):1387-404, Jun 2017.
Speth M, Fechtel S, Fock G, Meyr H. Broadband transmission using OFDM: System performance and receiver complexity. In1998 International Zurich Seminar on Broadband Communications. Accessing, Transmission, Networking. Proceedings (Cat. No. 98TH8277) (pp. 99-104). IEEE, Feb 1998.
Ling F, Nikias CL, Proakis JG, Rader CM. Advanced digital signal processing. Macmillan; 1992.
Yang B, Cao Z, Letaief KB. Analysis of low-complexity windowed DFT-based MMSE channel estimator for OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications.;49(11):1977-87, Nov 2001.
Li Y. Pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation for OFDM in wireless systems. IEEE transactions on vehicular technology,49(4):1207-15, Jul 2000
Hoeher P, Kaiser S, Robertson P. Two-dimensional pilotsymbol-aided channel estimation by Wiener filtering. In1997 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech, and signal processing (Vol. 3, pp. 1845-1848). IEEE, Apr 1997.
Li YL, Cimini LJ, Sollenberger NR. Robust channel estimation for OFDM systems with rapid dispersive fading channels. IEEE Transactions on communications,;46(7):902-15, Jul 1998.
Edfors O, Sandell M, Van De Beek JJ, Wilson SK, Börjesson PO. Analysis of DFT-based channel estimators for OFDM. Wireless Personal Communications,1;12(1):55-70, Jan 2000 .
Jones VK, Raleigh GC. Channel estimation for wireless OFDM systems. In IEEE GLOBECOM 1998 (Cat. NO. 98CH36250) ,(Vol. 2, pp. 980-985). IEEE, Nov 8,1998.
Zhao Y, Huang A. A novel channel estimation method for OFDM mobile communication systems based on pilot signals and transform-domain processing. In1997 IEEE 47th Vehicular Technology Conference. Technology in Motion , (Vol. 3, pp. 2089-2093). IEEE, May 1997.
Yang B, Letaief KB, Cheng RS, Cao Z. Windowed DFT based pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation for OFDM systems in multipath fading channels. InVTC2000-Spring. 2000 IEEE 51st Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings (Cat. No. 00CH37026) ,(Vol. 2, pp. 1480-1484). IEEE, May 15 ,2000.
Van De Beek JJ, Edfors O, Sandell M, Wilson SK, Borjesson PO. On channel estimation in OFDM systems. In1995 IEEE 45th Vehicular Technology Conference. Countdown to the Wireless Twenty-First Century, (Vol. 2, pp. 815-819). IEEE, Jul 25 ,1995.
ITU-R M.1225(1997) International Telecommunication Union, ‘Guidelines for evaluation of radio transmission technologies for IMT-2000’, 1997.
Patzold, M ,Mobile fading channels. Hoboken: Wiley, 2003.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.