Study of Capacitor & Diode Aging effects on Output Ripple in Voltage Regulators and Prognostic Detection of Failure
Abstract
Objectives: To design and simulate a buck converter and detector circuit which can prognostically indicate the power supply failure. Failure of Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor (AEC) is considered as the parameter causing the power supply failure. To analyse variation of output ripple voltage due to possible changes in the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and effective capacitance of the capacitor and design a detector to detect the failure of power supply prognostically.
Methods: A DC-DC buck converter in SMPS topology is designed by assuming an input voltage of 12V with 3 volts possible fluctuations and an output voltage of 3.3 volts is desired. Simulation is carried out to measure the variation in output ripple voltage caused due to aging of electrolytic capacitor using TINA by Texas Instruments. A detector is also designed to compare the ripple voltage and a predefined threshold voltage so as to indicate the possible failure of Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) well in advance by monitoring the output ripple increase.
Novelty: Having a fault tolerant power supply is very important in safety critical applications. Here by monitoring the output ripple variation, the degradation of AEC is predicted by calculating the ESR and capacitance variation. This simple yet effective prognostic detection will support in the design of fault tolerant power supplies.
Highlight: It is found that, the ripple at the output increases with aging of the electrolytic capacitor, as with time the equivalent capacitance decreases and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of the capacitor increases. The designed detector output is found to prognostically indicate the failure of SMPS.
References
Dang, Hoang-Long & Kwak, Sangshin. Review of Health Monitoring Techniques for Capacitors Used in Power Electronics Converters. 2020; Sensors;20. 3740. 10.3390/s20133740. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342721786_Review_of_Health_Monitoring_Techniques_for_Capacitors_Used_in_Power_Electronics_Converters
Liu, Jincheng & Yue, Jiguang & Wang, Li & Wu, Chenhao & Lyu, Feng. A Low-Cost, High-Precision Method for Ripple Voltage Measurement Using a DAC and Comparators. 2019; Electronics. 8. 586. 10.3390/electronics8050586. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333407314_A_Low-Cost_High-Precision Method for Ripple_Voltage_Measurement_Using_a_DAC_and_Comparators
Zhao, Zhaoyang & Lu, Weiguo & Davari, Pooya & Du, Xiong & Iu, Herbert & Blaabjerg, F. An Online Parameters Monitoring Method for Output Capacitor of Buck Converter Based on Large-Signal Load Transient Trajectory Analysis. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. 2020; PP. 1-1. 10.1109/JESTPE.2020.2964068. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338438718_An_Online_Parameters_Monitoring_Method_for_Output_Capacitor_of_Buck_Converter_Based_on_Large-signal Load Transient Trajectory Analysis.
Kiran Y M, Preethi Sharma K and R. Nandihalli. Overview of fault diagnosis and detection methods used in Switched Mode Power Supplies. 2016 2nd International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Computing and Communication Technology (iCATccT), Bangalore. 2016; pp. 708-712,doi: 10.1109/ICATCCT.2016.7912091.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7912091
Kulkarni, Chetan & Biswas, Gautam & Koutsoukos, Xenofon & Celaya, Jose & Goebel, Kai. Experimental Studies of Ageing in Electrolytic Capacitors. 2010. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228874152_Experimental_Studies_of_Ageing_in_Electrolytic_Capacitors
Nichicon Corporation, General Description of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors; TECHNICAL NOTES CAT.8101E-1.
Texas Instruments-SNVS565I. LM5085/-Q1 75-V Constant On-Time PFET Buck Switching Controller. [Online].August 2015. http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm5085.pdf
Ren, Lei & Gong, Chunying. An Online Estimation Scheme of Output Capacitor’s ESR and tanδ for Buck converter. IET Power Electronics. 2019; 12. 10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5394. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334200198_An_Online_Estimation_Scheme_of_Output_Capacitor's_ESR_and_tand_for_Buck_converter
Andrade, J.M. Electrolytic Capacitor Degradation Monitoring using an On-line Parameter Estimation Scheme involving Sliding Mode Differentiators and a Kalman Filter. 2019; P.1-P.14; 10.23919/EPE.2019.8915429. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337638234_Electrolytic_Capacitor_Degradation_Monitoring_using_an_On-line parameter estimation scheme involving sliding mode differentiators and a Kalman Filter.
Andrade, J.M. On-line Estimation of Electrolytic Capacitor Parameters using Recursive Least Squares and Sliding Mode Differentiators. 2019; 1-8. 10.1109/PEDS44367.2019.8998911. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339332692_On- Line Estimation of Electrolytic Capacitor Parameters_using_Recursive_Least_Squares_and_Sliding_Mode_Differentiators
Zhu, Bin & Xiao, Dan & Tan, Cheng & Fletcher, John. Fault Tolerant Online Condition Monitor of DC-Link Capacitor for Open-end Winding Machine. 2019; 4623-4629. 10.1109/IECON.2019.8926729. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338198953_Fault_Tolerant_Online_Condition_Monitor_of_DC-Link_Capacitor_for_Open-end_Winding_Machine
Massimo Ghioni. Power Electronics Course.Lecture Notes.2014-15.
P. S. K and V. T. Analysis of Capacitor Parameters Signature Variation with Ageing in Critical Healthcare Power Management Systems. 2019 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT), Tirunelveli, India. 2019; pp. 1036-1040; doi: 10.1109/ICSSIT46314.2019.8987938. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8987938
Deng, Fujin & Heng, Qian & Liu, Chengkai & Cai, Xu & Zhu, Rongwu & Chen, Z. & Chen, Wu. Capacitor ESR and C Monitoring in Modular Multilevel Converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2019; PP. 1-1. 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2939185. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335595119_Capacitor_ESR_and_C_Monitoring_in_Modular_Multilevel_Converters
Miao, Wenchao & Lam, K. & Pong, Philip. Online Monitoring of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors in Photovoltaic Systems by Magnetoresistive Sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2019; PP. 1-1;10.1109/JSEN.2019.2945943. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336338439_Online_Monitoring_of_Aluminum_Electrolytic_Capacitors_in_Photovoltaic_Systems_by_Magnetoresistive_Sensors
Lotfi, Messaadi & Zohir, Dibi. Analog Behavioral Modeling of Schottky Diode Using Spice. Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics. 2017; 9. 01002-1. 10.21272/jnep.9(1).01002. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314132217_Analog_Behavioral_Modeling_of_Schottky_Diode_Using_Spice
R. Wu, F. Blaabjerg, H. Wang, M. Liserre, Overview of catastrophic failures of freewheeling diodes in power electronic circuits, Microelectronics Reliability, Volume 53, Issues 9–11. 2013; Pages 1788-1792, ISSN 0026-2714; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2013.07.126 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026271413003028.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
