Wearable Biosensor: How to improve the efficacy in data transmission in respiratory monitoring system?
Abstract
Respiratory rate measurement is important under different types of health issues. The need for technological developments for measuring respiratory rate has become imperative for healthcare professionals. The paper presents an approach to respiratory monitoring, with the aim to improve the accuracy and efficacy of the data monitored. We use multiple types of sensors on various locations on the body to continuously transmit real-time data, which is rocessed to calculate the respiration rate. Variations in the respiration rate will help us identify the current health condition of the patient also for diagnosis and further medical treatment. The software tools such as Keil μVision IDE, Mbed Studio IDE, Energia IDE are used to compile and build the system architecture and display information. EasyEDA is used to provide pin map details and complete architecture information.
References
Sumit Majumder; Tapas Mondal; M. Jamal Deen, (2017), Wearable
Sensors for Remote Health Monitoring’, Sensors (Basel), 17(1): 130..
doi: 10.3390/s17010130
Andreoni G., Perego P., Standoli C. (2015), ‘Wearable monitoring of
elderly in an ecologic setting: The SMARTA project.’ 2nd International
conference on Sensors and Applications, November 2015.
Pantelopoulos A.; Bourbakis N. (2010), ‘A Survey on Wearable Sensor-
Based Systems for Health Monitoring and Prognosis’ IEEE Trans. Syst.
Man Cybern. C, 40, 1–12
Al-Khalidi FQ, Saatchi R, Burke D, Elphick H, Tan S.(2010), ‘Respiration
rate monitoring methods: a review’. Pediatr Pulmonol., 46(6):523-
doi: 10.1002/ppul.21416. Epub 2011 Jan 31. PMID: 21560260.
Santacroce, L.,Charitos, I.A., Ballini, A., Inchingolo, F., Luperto,
P.,De Nitto, E.,Topi, S.,(2020), ‘The Human Respiratory
System and its Microbiome at a Glimpse’. Biology, 9, 318.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9100318
Vanegas E, Igual R, Plaza I., (2020), ‘Sensing Systems for Respiration
Monitoring: A Technical Systematic Review’, Sensors. 20(18):5446.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185446
A. Pantelopoulos and N. G. Bourbakis, (2010), ‘A Survey on Wearable
Sensor-Based Systems for Health Monitoring and Prognosis,’
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part
C (Applications and Reviews), vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 1-12, doi:
1109/TSMCC.2009.2032660
Chu, M., Nguyen, T., Pandey, V. et al. (2019), ‘Respiration rate and
volume measurements using wearable strain sensors’, npj Digital Med
, 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0083-3
Majumder, Sumit et al.(2017), ‘Wearable Sensors for Remote
Health Monitoring.’, Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 17,1 130.
doi:10.3390/s17010130
Andreozzi E, Centracchio J, Punzo V, Esposito D, Polley C, Gargiulo
GD, Bifulco P. (2021), ‘Respiration Monitoring via Force cardiography
Sensors’. Sensors (Basel).21(12):3996. doi: 10.3390/s21123996. PMID:
; PMCID: PMC8228286.
Luis, Juan Aponte et al.(2014), ‘Design and implementation of a smart
sensor for respiratory rate monitoring’, Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
vol. 14,2 3019-32. doi:10.3390/s140203019
Vanegas, Erik, Igual, Raul, Plaza, Inmaculada , (2019), ‘Piezoresistive
Breathing Sensing System with 3D Printed Wearable Casin’, Journal
of Sensors, (4):1-19 . https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2431731 DOI-
1155/2019/2431731
Cesareo, Ambra et al., (2018), ‘Assessment of Breathing Parameters
Using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-Based System’, Sensors
(Basel, Switzerland) vol. 19,1 88. 27 Dec. 2018, doi:10.3390/s19010088
R.A. Roth, (2010),‘Introduction to Respiratory Toxicology, Editor(s): Charlene A. McQueen, Comprehensive Toxicology (Second Edition), Elsevier, Pages 3-12, ISBN 9780080468846, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-046884-6.00901-5.
Yamamoto A, Nakamoto H, Bessho Y, Watanabe Y, Oki Y, Ono K,
Fujimoto Y, Terada T, Ishikawa A.(2019), ‘Monitoring respiratory rates
with a wearable system using a stretchable strain sensor during
moderate exercise’, Med Biol Eng Comput.,57(12):2741-2756. doi:
1007/s11517-019-02062-2. Epub 2019 Nov 17. PMID: 31734768.
Massaroni C, Nicolò A, Lo Presti D, Sacchetti M, Silvestri S, Schena
E.,(2019) ‘Contact-Based Methods for Measuring Respiratory Rate’.
Sensors (Basel).;19(4):908. doi: 10.3390/s19040908. PMID: 30795595;
PMCID: PMC6413190.
Bartula M, Tigges T, Muehlsteff J., (2013), ‘Camera-based system for
contactless monitoring of respiration’. Annual Int Conf IEEE Eng Med
Biol Soc. 2013; 2013:2672-5. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2013.6610090. PMID:
Folke, M., Cernerud, L., Ekström, M. et al. (2003)., ‘Critical review of
non-invasive respiratory monitoring in medical care’. Med. Biol. Eng.
Comput. 41, 377–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02348078
Klocke, Robert A., Burri, Peter H., Heath, Donald Albert, Weibel,
Ewald R., Elliott, David H., Cherniack, Neil S., Siebens, Arthur A. and
Beers, Michael F. (2020), ‘Human respiratory system’. Encyclopedia
Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/science/human-respiratorysystem. Accessed 14 August 2021.
Islam MS, Paul G, Ong HX, Young PM, Gu YT, Saha SC.(2020),
‘A Review of Respiratory Anatomical Development, Air Flow Characterization and Particle Deposition’, Int J Environ Res Public
Health.;17(2):380. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17020380. PMID: 31935991; PMCID: PMC7014067.
Lehtonen E, Teuho J, Koskinen J, Jafari Tadi M, Klén R, Siekkinen
R, Rives Gambin J, Vasankari T, Saraste A.(2021), ‘ A Respiratory
Motion Estimation Method Based on Inertial Measurement Units for
Gated Positron Emission Tomography’. Sensors (Basel).,21(12):3983.
doi: 10.3390/s21123983. PMID: 34207864; PMCID: PMC8228885.
Romano C, Schena E, Silvestri S, Massaroni C., (2021), ‘Non-Contact
Respiratory Monitoring Using an RGB Camera for Real-World Applications’.
Sensors (Basel),21(15):5126. doi: 10.3390/s21155126. PMID:
; PMCID: PMC8347288.
Ali Al-Naji, Ali J. Al-Askery, Sadik Kamel Gharghan and Javaan
Chahl, (2019), ‘A System for Monitoring Breathing Activity Using an
Ultrasonic Radar Detection with Low Power Consumption’, J. Sens.
Actuator Netw., 8(2), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan8020032
Gagandeep kour, Mohammad Rouman, Geetha.M, (2018), ‘Respiratory
Monitoring System Using Thermistor’ International Journal of
Pure and Applied Mathematics Vol 119, No. 12, 11567-11575.
Kamišali´c A, Fister I, Turkanovi´c M, Karakatiˇc S., (2018), ‘Sensors and
Functionalities of Non-Invasive Wrist-Wearable Devices: A Review’,
Sensors. 18(6):1714. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061714
B Sumathy et al, (2021), ‘Wearable noninvasive Health monitoring
device for elderly using IoT’, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 1012
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1012/1/012011
P. S. Akram, M. Ramesha., S. A. S. Valiveti, S. Sohail and K.
T. S. S. Rao, (2021), ‘IoT based Remote Patient Health Monitoring
system’, 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing
and Communication Systems (ICACCS), pp. 1519-1524, doi:
1109/ICACCS51430.2021.9441874.
Li, Shih-Hong et al.(2017), ‘Design of Wearable Breathing Sound
Monitoring System for Real-Time Wheeze Detection’, Sensors (Basel,
Switzerland) vol. 17,1 171, doi:10.3390/s17010171
Li, Shih-Hong et al.(2017), ‘Design of Wearable Breathing Sound Monitoring System for Real-Time Wheeze Detection’, Sensors (Basel,
Switzerland) vol. 17,1 171, doi:10.3390/s170101718 .
Bergese, Sergio D et al. (2017), ‘Multicenter Study Validating Accuracy
of a Continuous Respiratory Rate Measurement Derived From Pulse Oximetry: A Comparison With Capnography.’, Anesthesia and analgesia vol. 124,4 1153-1159. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001852
G. Karacocuk et al.,(2019), ‘Inertial Sensor-Based Respiration Analysis’,
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 68, no.
, pp. 4268-4275., doi: 10.1109/TIM.2018.2889363.
Taisa Daiana da Costa, Maria de Fatima Fernandes Vara, Camila Santos Cristino, Tyene Zoraski Zanella, Guilherme Nunes Nogueira Neto and Percy Nohama, (2019). ‘Breathing Monitoring and Pattern Recognition with Wearable Sensors’, Wearable Devices - the Big Wave of Innovation, Noushin Nasiri, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85460.
Qi, Wen, and Andrea Aliverti. (2020), ‘A Multimodal Wearable System
for Continuous and Real-Time Breathing Pattern Monitoring During
Daily Activity’, IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics vol.
,8 2199-2207. doi:10.1109/JBHI.2019.2963048
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
