Telecommunications Wireless Generations: Overview, Technological Differences, Evolutional Triggers, and the Future
Abstract
This study expands on prior studies on wireless telecommunication generations by examining the technological differences and evolutional triggers that characterise each Generation (from 1G to 5G). Based on a systematic literature review approach, this study examines fifty (50) articles to enhance our understanding of wireless generation evolution. Specifically, this study analyses i) the triggers that necessitated the evolution of wireless telecommunication generations and ii) makes a case regarding why it is imperative to look beyond the fifth Generation (5G) network technologies. The authors propose areas for future research.
References
O. T. Eluwole, N. Udoh, M. Ojo, C. Okoro, and A. J. Akinyoade, “From 1G to 5G, what next?” IAENG International Journal of Computer Science, 2018, 45(3), 1-22.
L. J. Vora, “Evolution of mobile generation technology: 1G to 5G and review of upcoming wireless technology 5G”, International journal of modern trends in engineering and research, 2015, 2(10), 281-290.
K. Campbell, J. Diffley, B. Flanagan, B. Morelli, B. O’Neil, and F. Sideco, “The 5G economy: How 5G technology will contribute to the global economy”, IHS Economics and IHS Technology, 2017, 4, 16.
M. Shafi, A. F. Molisch, P. J. Smith, T. Haustein, P. Zhu, P. De Silva, and G. Wunder, “5G: A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2017, 35(6), 1201-1221.
A. Gupta, and R. K. Jha, "A survey of 5G network: Architecture and emerging technologies", IEEE Access, 2015, 3, 1206-1232.
G. W. G. Bendermacher, M. G. oude Egbrink, I. H. A. P. Wolfhagen, and D. H. DolmansD. H. "Unravelling quality culture in higher education: a realist review." Higher education, 2017, 73(1), 39-60.
R. Savolainen, "Information seeking and searching strategies as plans and patterns of action: A conceptual analysis," Journal of Documentation, 2016, 72(6), 1154-1180.
R. Syed, and K. Collins-Thompson, "Optimising search results for human learning goals," Information Retrieval Journal, 2017, 20(5), 506-523.
M. Allen, “The SAGE encyclopedia of communication research methods," Sage Publications, 2017.
C. Ziegler, “Android: A visual history”, 2011, http://www.theverge.com/2011/12/7/2585779/android-history
S. C. Yang, "Mobile applications and 4G wireless networks: a framework for analysis", Campus-Wide Information Systems, 2012.
M. G. Kibria, K. Nguyen, G. P. Villardi, O. Zhao, K. Ishizu, and F. Kojima, F, "Big data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in next-generation wireless networks," IEEE Access, 2018, 6, 32328-32338.
P. Yang, Y. Xiao, M. Xiao, and S. Li, "6G wireless communications: Vision and potential techniques", IEEE Network, 2019, 33(4), 70-75.
G. Wikström, J. Peisa, P. Rugeland, N. Johansson, S. Parkvall, M. Girnyk, and I. L. Da Silva, “Challenges and Technologies for 6G”, In 2020 2nd 6G wireless summit (6G SUMMIT), 2020, (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
A. Harris, and M. Cooper, “Mobile phones: Impacts, challenges, and predictions," Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2019, 1(1), 15-17.
M. Goyal, and Y. Lather, “Advancement of communication technology from 1G to 5G”, International Journal of Advanced Research in IT and Engineering, 2015, 4(5), 1-17.
R. Shirani, and R. Farjad-Rad, “10G| 5G| 2.5 G| 1G| 100M physical layer PHY: HOT CHIPS 2015 conference. In 2015 IEEE Hot Chips 27 Symposium (HCS), 2015, (pp. 1-27). IEEE.
J. Kim, W. Jang, Y. Lee, W. Kim, S. Oh, J. Lee, and T. B. Cho, "Design and Analysis of a 12-b Current-Steering DAC in a 14-nm FinFET Technology for 2G/3G/4G Cellular Applications", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2019, 66(10), 3723-3732.
A. Gharsellaoui, M. K. Chahine, and G. Mazzini, "Optimising radio access network selection in WLAN and 3G networks", In 2012 International Conference on Communications and Information Technology (ICCIT), 2012, (pp. 265-269). IEEE.
L. Hanzo, H. Haas, S. Imre, D. O'Brien, M. Rupp, and L. Gyongyosi, “Wireless myths, realities, and futures: from 3G/4G to optical and quantum wireless”, Proceedings of the IEEE, 100(Special Centennial Issue), 2012, 1853-1888.
S. Deb, and P. Monogioudis, “Learning-based uplink interference management in 4G LTE cellular systems”, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2014, 23(2), 398-411.
A. Hamza, and M. Hefeeda, “Multicasting of multiview 3D videos over wireless networks” In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Mobile Video, 2012, (pp. 43-48).
L. Chettri and R. Bera, "A Comprehensive Survey on Internet of Things (IoT) Toward 5G Wireless Systems," in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2020, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 16-32, DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2948888.
C. Benzaid, and T. Taleb, "AI-driven zero-touch network and service management in 5G and beyond: Challenges and research directions", IEEE Network, 2020, 34(2), 186-194.
E. Wong, E. Grigoreva, L. Wosinska, and C. M. Machuca, "Enhancing the survivability and power savings of 5G transport networks based on DWDM rings", Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2017, 9(9), D74-D85.
K. Dashtipour, W. Taylor, S. Ansari, M. Gogate, A. Zahid, Y. Sambo, A. Hussain, QH Abbasi, and MA Imran, "Public Perception of the Fifth Generation of Cellular Networks (5G) on Social Media", Front. Big Data 4:640868, 2021, DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2021.640868
S. Li, L. Da Xu, and S. Zhao, “5G Internet of Things: A survey”, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 2018, 10, 1-9.
S. Zhou, D. Lee, B. Leng, X. Zhou, H. Zhang and Z. Niu, "On the Spatial Distribution of Base Stations and Its Relation to the Traffic Density in Cellular Networks," in IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 998-1010, 2015, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2452576.
C. I, Q. Sun, Z. Liu, S. Zhang and S. Han, "The Big-Data-Driven Intelligent Wireless Network: Architecture, Use Cases, Solutions, and Future Trends," in IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 20-29, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1109/MVT.2017.2752758.
T. Zhang, S. Shen, S. Mao and G. -K. Chang, "Delay-aware Cellular Traffic Scheduling with Deep Reinforcement Learning," GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, 2020, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/GLOBECOM42002.2020.9322560.
Y. Fu, S. Wang, C. -X. Wang, X. Hong and S. McLaughlin, "Artificial Intelligence to Manage Network Traffic of 5G Wireless Networks," in IEEE Network, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 58-64, November/December 2018, doi: 10.1109/MNET.2018.1800115.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
