Telecommunications Wireless Generations: Overview, Technological Differences, Evolutional Triggers, and the Future

Authors

  • Godfred Yaw Koi-Akrofi University of Professional Studies, Accra
  • Marcellinus Kuuboore Kuuboore University of Professional Studies, Accra
  • Daniel Adjei Odai University of Professional Studies, Accra
  • Albert Neequaye Kotey University of Professional Studies, Accra

Abstract

This study expands on prior studies on wireless telecommunication generations by examining the technological differences and evolutional triggers that characterise each Generation (from 1G to 5G). Based on a systematic literature review approach, this study examines fifty (50) articles to enhance our understanding of wireless generation evolution. Specifically, this study analyses i) the triggers that necessitated the evolution of wireless telecommunication generations and ii) makes a case regarding why it is imperative to look beyond the fifth Generation (5G) network technologies. The authors propose areas for future research.

Author Biography

Godfred Yaw Koi-Akrofi, University of Professional Studies, Accra

Department of Information Technology Studies

Head of Department (HOD)

Senior Lecturer

References

O. T. Eluwole, N. Udoh, M. Ojo, C. Okoro, and A. J. Akinyoade, “From 1G to 5G, what next?” IAENG International Journal of Computer Science, 2018, 45(3), 1-22.

L. J. Vora, “Evolution of mobile generation technology: 1G to 5G and review of upcoming wireless technology 5G”, International journal of modern trends in engineering and research, 2015, 2(10), 281-290.

K. Campbell, J. Diffley, B. Flanagan, B. Morelli, B. O’Neil, and F. Sideco, “The 5G economy: How 5G technology will contribute to the global economy”, IHS Economics and IHS Technology, 2017, 4, 16.

M. Shafi, A. F. Molisch, P. J. Smith, T. Haustein, P. Zhu, P. De Silva, and G. Wunder, “5G: A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2017, 35(6), 1201-1221.

A. Gupta, and R. K. Jha, "A survey of 5G network: Architecture and emerging technologies", IEEE Access, 2015, 3, 1206-1232.

G. W. G. Bendermacher, M. G. oude Egbrink, I. H. A. P. Wolfhagen, and D. H. DolmansD. H. "Unravelling quality culture in higher education: a realist review." Higher education, 2017, 73(1), 39-60.

R. Savolainen, "Information seeking and searching strategies as plans and patterns of action: A conceptual analysis," Journal of Documentation, 2016, 72(6), 1154-1180.

R. Syed, and K. Collins-Thompson, "Optimising search results for human learning goals," Information Retrieval Journal, 2017, 20(5), 506-523.

M. Allen, “The SAGE encyclopedia of communication research methods," Sage Publications, 2017.

C. Ziegler, “Android: A visual history”, 2011, http://www.theverge.com/2011/12/7/2585779/android-history

S. C. Yang, "Mobile applications and 4G wireless networks: a framework for analysis", Campus-Wide Information Systems, 2012.

M. G. Kibria, K. Nguyen, G. P. Villardi, O. Zhao, K. Ishizu, and F. Kojima, F, "Big data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in next-generation wireless networks," IEEE Access, 2018, 6, 32328-32338.

P. Yang, Y. Xiao, M. Xiao, and S. Li, "6G wireless communications: Vision and potential techniques", IEEE Network, 2019, 33(4), 70-75.

G. Wikström, J. Peisa, P. Rugeland, N. Johansson, S. Parkvall, M. Girnyk, and I. L. Da Silva, “Challenges and Technologies for 6G”, In 2020 2nd 6G wireless summit (6G SUMMIT), 2020, (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

A. Harris, and M. Cooper, “Mobile phones: Impacts, challenges, and predictions," Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2019, 1(1), 15-17.

M. Goyal, and Y. Lather, “Advancement of communication technology from 1G to 5G”, International Journal of Advanced Research in IT and Engineering, 2015, 4(5), 1-17.

R. Shirani, and R. Farjad-Rad, “10G| 5G| 2.5 G| 1G| 100M physical layer PHY: HOT CHIPS 2015 conference. In 2015 IEEE Hot Chips 27 Symposium (HCS), 2015, (pp. 1-27). IEEE.

J. Kim, W. Jang, Y. Lee, W. Kim, S. Oh, J. Lee, and T. B. Cho, "Design and Analysis of a 12-b Current-Steering DAC in a 14-nm FinFET Technology for 2G/3G/4G Cellular Applications", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2019, 66(10), 3723-3732.

A. Gharsellaoui, M. K. Chahine, and G. Mazzini, "Optimising radio access network selection in WLAN and 3G networks", In 2012 International Conference on Communications and Information Technology (ICCIT), 2012, (pp. 265-269). IEEE.

L. Hanzo, H. Haas, S. Imre, D. O'Brien, M. Rupp, and L. Gyongyosi, “Wireless myths, realities, and futures: from 3G/4G to optical and quantum wireless”, Proceedings of the IEEE, 100(Special Centennial Issue), 2012, 1853-1888.

S. Deb, and P. Monogioudis, “Learning-based uplink interference management in 4G LTE cellular systems”, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2014, 23(2), 398-411.

A. Hamza, and M. Hefeeda, “Multicasting of multiview 3D videos over wireless networks” In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Mobile Video, 2012, (pp. 43-48).

L. Chettri and R. Bera, "A Comprehensive Survey on Internet of Things (IoT) Toward 5G Wireless Systems," in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2020, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 16-32, DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2948888.

C. Benzaid, and T. Taleb, "AI-driven zero-touch network and service management in 5G and beyond: Challenges and research directions", IEEE Network, 2020, 34(2), 186-194.

E. Wong, E. Grigoreva, L. Wosinska, and C. M. Machuca, "Enhancing the survivability and power savings of 5G transport networks based on DWDM rings", Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2017, 9(9), D74-D85.

K. Dashtipour, W. Taylor, S. Ansari, M. Gogate, A. Zahid, Y. Sambo, A. Hussain, QH Abbasi, and MA Imran, "Public Perception of the Fifth Generation of Cellular Networks (5G) on Social Media", Front. Big Data 4:640868, 2021, DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2021.640868

S. Li, L. Da Xu, and S. Zhao, “5G Internet of Things: A survey”, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 2018, 10, 1-9.

S. Zhou, D. Lee, B. Leng, X. Zhou, H. Zhang and Z. Niu, "On the Spatial Distribution of Base Stations and Its Relation to the Traffic Density in Cellular Networks," in IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 998-1010, 2015, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2452576.

C. I, Q. Sun, Z. Liu, S. Zhang and S. Han, "The Big-Data-Driven Intelligent Wireless Network: Architecture, Use Cases, Solutions, and Future Trends," in IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 20-29, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1109/MVT.2017.2752758.

T. Zhang, S. Shen, S. Mao and G. -K. Chang, "Delay-aware Cellular Traffic Scheduling with Deep Reinforcement Learning," GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, 2020, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/GLOBECOM42002.2020.9322560.

Y. Fu, S. Wang, C. -X. Wang, X. Hong and S. McLaughlin, "Artificial Intelligence to Manage Network Traffic of 5G Wireless Networks," in IEEE Network, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 58-64, November/December 2018, doi: 10.1109/MNET.2018.1800115.

Downloads

Published

2024-04-19

Issue

Section

Telecommunications