Token Bucket Algorithm with Modernization Techniques to Avoid Congestion in DEC Protocol of Wsn
Abstract
A wireless sensor system is an essential aspect in many fields. It consists of a great deal of sensor nodes. These sensor networks carry out a number of tasks, including interaction, distribution, recognition, and power supply. Data is transmitted from source to destination and plays an important role. Congestion may occur during data transmission from one node to another and also at cluster head locations. Congestion will arise as a result of either traffic division or resource allocation. Energy will be wasted due to traffic division congestion, which causes packet loss and retransmission of removed packets. As a result, it must be simplified; hence there are a few Wireless sensor networks with various protocols that will handle Congestion Control. The Deterministic Energy Efficient Clustering (DEC) protocol, which is fully based on residual energy and the token bucket method, is being investigated as a way to increase the energy efficiency. In the event of congestion, our proposal provides a way to cope with it and solves it using this method to improve lifespan of the sensor networks. Experiments in simulation show that the proposed strategy can significantly enhance lifetime, energy, throughput, and packet loss.
References
F. A. Aderohunmu, J. D. Deng and M. K. Purvis, A deterministic energy-efficient clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks,Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2011 , pp. 341-346
https://doi:10.1109/ISSNIP.2011.6146592
F. Comeau, Optimal Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks Employing Different Propagation Models And Data Aggregation Techniques (PhD thesis). Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 2008.
M. J. Handy, M. Haase,D. Timmermann, Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy with deterministic cluster-head selection,4th International Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Communications Network, 2002, pp. 368-372 https://doi:10.1109/MWCN.2002.1045790
W. R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, H. Balakrishnan, Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks, In Proceeding 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2000,pp. 10 https://doi:10.1109/HICSS.2000.926982
W. B. Heinzelman, A. P. Chandrakasan,H. Balakrishnan, An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 1(4), 2002: 660-670 https://doi:10.1109/TWC.2002.804190
Fang Zhu, Junfang Wei, An energy-efficient unequal clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks, International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks,15(9), 2019: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719879384
S. Gamwarige and C. Kulasekere, Performance analysis of the EDCR algorithm in a distributed wireless sensor network,IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks, 2006, pp. 5 pp.-5 https://doi:10.1109/WOCN.2006.166654
Javaid N., Rasheed M.B., Imran M ,Mohsen G,Z A Khan,Turki A A ,M Ilahi, An energy-efficient distributed clustering algorithm for heterogeneous WSNs. J Wireless Com Network , 151 (2015): 1-11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-015-0376-4
Md.Khorshed Alom, Arif H, P K.Choudhury, Improved Zonal Stable Election Protocol (IZ-SEP) for hierarchical clustering in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, 2(2022),2022: 1-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2022.100048
S. Nasr , M. Quwaider, LEACH Protocol Enhancement for Increasing WSN Lifetime, 11th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS), 2020, pp. 102-107 https://doi:10.1109/ICICS49469.2020.239542
Habibulla Mohammad, A. S. Chandrasekhara Sastry, ACNM:Advance coupling networkmodelsleep/wake mechanism for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Engineering and Technology(UAE), 7(1.1),2018: 350-354 https://doi:10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.9851
Habibulla Mohammad, A. S. Chandrasekhara Sastry, Implementation of Multihop technique in DEC Protocol,International Journal of Simulation systems, Science & Technology(UAE), 19(4), 2018: 20.1-20.9 https://doi:10.5013/IJSSST.a.19.04.20
Habibulla Mohammad, A. S. Chandrasekhara Sastry ,Implementation of Three-Tier Multihop Technique in Advance Coupling Network Model-Deterministic Energy-Efficient Clustering of Wireless Sensor Networks, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 16(5-6), 2019: 2581-2589 https://doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.7934
Habibulla Mohammad, A. S. Chandrasekhara Sastry , DSWS- Distributed Sleep/Wake Scheduling Scheme for DEC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, l 8(2),2019: 2695-2701https://doi:10.35940/ijrte.B2810.078219
S. Hafidi, N. Gharbi and L. Mokdad, Queuing and service management for congestion control in wireless sensor networks using Markov Chains, 2017 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), 2017,pp. 176-181https://doi:10.1109/iscc.2017.8024525
L. Chen and H. X. Li, A Simple Way to Reduce Congestion in Wireless Sensor Networks, 8th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC), 2016,pp. 329-332 https://doi:10.1109/IHMSC.2016.143
K. Mathews, C. Kramer and R. Gotzhein " Token bucket based traffic shaping and monitoring for WLAN-based control systems," 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2017, pp. 1-7 https://doi:10.1109/PIMRC.2017.8292201
C. Backfrieder, G. Ostermayer ,C. F. Mecklenbräuker, Increased Traffic Flow Through Node-Based Bottleneck Prediction and V2X Communication,IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 18(2),2017:349-363 https://doi:10.1109/TITS.2016.2573292
Changle Li, Wenwei Yue, Guoqiang Mao, Zhigang Xu,Congestion Propagation Based Bottleneck Identification in Urban Road Networks, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(5),2020:4827-4841 https://doi:10.1109/TVT.2020.2973404
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.