Hybrid Optical–Acoustic Underwater Communication with Joint Modulation and Bio-Inspired Power Optimization
Abstract
This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of a hybrid optical–acoustic underwater wireless communication framework that integrates short-range optical links and long-range acoustic links through cooperative transmission for high bandwidth underwater applications. The system utilizes optical intra-cluster and acoustic inter-cluster links, with cooperative communication to improve data transmission and reliability. Analytical models incorporating acoustic and optical signal attenuation and noise are developed, considering practical underwater conditions. Optical links utilize Quadrature Amplitude Modulation with Turbo coding, while acoustic links adopt Frequency Shift Keying with Reed–Solomon coding to ensure reliable data transmission under heterogeneous channel conditions. Transmission power allocation is optimized using the Electric Eel Foraging Optimization algorithm to improve energy efficiency. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed framework supports reliable and high-throughput transmission under different underwater propagation conditions. Furthermore, the Electric Eel Foraging Optimization algorithm reduces transmission power consumption while maintaining stable throughput and received traffic load.
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