Analysis of a novel FPGA-based system for filtering audio signals using a finite impulse response filters
Abstract
In this article, an analysis of an innovative system for filtering signals in the audible range (16 Hz - 20 kHz) on programmable logic devices using a filters with a finite impulse response, is presented. Mentioned system was neat combination of software and hardware platform, where in the program layer a multiple programming languages including VHDL, JavaScript, Matlab or HTML were used to create completely useful application. To determine the coefficients of polynomial filters the
Matlab Filter Design & Analysis Tool was used. Thanks to the developed graphic layer, a user-friendly interface was created, which allows easily transfer the required coefficients from the computer to the executive system. The practical implementation made on the FPGA platform, specifically on the Altera DE2-115 development kit with the FPGA Cyclone IV, was compared with simulation realization of Matlab FIR filters. The performed research confirm the effectiveness of filtration in real time with up to 128th order of the filter for both audio channels simultaneously
in FPGA-based system.
References
E. Salgado-Plasencia, R.V. Carrillo-Serrano, M. Toledano-Ayala, ”Development of a DSP Microcontroller-Based Fuzzy Logic Controller for Heliostat Orientation Control”, Applied Sciences 10 (5), 1598, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051598, (2020).
X. Gong, Z. Le, H. Wang, Y. Wu, ”Study on the Moving Target Tracking Based on Vision DSP”, Sensors 20 (22), 6494, https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226494, (2020).
Q. Guo, Z. Dong, H. Liu, X. You, ”Nonlinear Characteristics Compensation of Inverter for Low-Voltage Delta-Connected Induction Motor”, Energies 13 (3), 590, ttps://doi.org/10.3390/en13030590, (2020).
Ch.T. Ma, Z.H. Gu, ”Design and Implementation of a GaN-Based Three-Phase Active Power Filter”, Micromachines 11 (2), 134, https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11020134, (2020).
S. Cuoghi, R. Mandrioli, L. Ntogramatzidis, G. Gabriele, ”Multileg Interleaved Buck Converter for EV Charging: Discrete-Time Model and Direct Control Design”, Energies 13 (2), 466, https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020466, (2020).
W. Yao, J. Cui, W. Yao, ”Single-Phase Inverter Deadbeat Control with One-Carrier-Period Lag”, Electronics 9 (1), 154, DOI:10.3390/electronics9010154, (2020).
G. La Tona, M. Luna, M.C. Piazza, M. Pucci, A. Accetta, ”Development of a High-Performance, FPGA-Based Virtual Anemometer for Model-Based MPPT of Wind Generators”, Electronics 9 (1), 83,
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010083, (2020).
X. Li, N. Wang, G. San, X. Guo, ”Current Source AC-Side Clamped Inverter for Leakage Current Reduction in Grid-Connected PV System”, Electronics 8 (11), 1296, https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111296, (2019).
B. Wang, W. Tang, ”A Novel Three-Switch Z-Source SEPIC Inverter”, Electronics 8 (2), 247, https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020247, (2019).
X. Sun, Ch.J. Xue, J. Yu, T.W. Kuo, X. Liu, ”Accelerating data filtering for database using FPGA”, Journal of Systems Architecture 114, 101908, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2020.101908, (2021).
R. Guo, ”Strength Fitness Control System and Motor balance Based on FPGA and Wireless Sensors”, Microprocessors and Microsystems 81, 103684, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103684, (2021).
S. Kim, U. Yun, J. Jang, G. Seo, J. Kang, H.N. Lee, M. Lee, ”Reduced Computational Complexity Orthogonal Matching Pursuit Using a Novel Partitioned Inversion Technique for Compressive Sensing”, Electronics 7 (9), 206, https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics7090206, (2018).
A. Lipowski, ”Developing DSP techniques in FPGA systems (in Polish)”, Bachelor’s Thesis, Opole University of Technology, (2019).
M. Skiwski, ”Cyfrowa filtracja sygnał´ow z wykorzystaniem układów FPGA”, Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola 59 (6), 503–506 (2013).
C.J. Kikkert, ”A Phasor Measurement Unit Algorithm Using IIR Filters for FPGA Implementation”, Electronics 8 (12), 1523, https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121523, (2019).
F. Nekoei, Y.S. Kavian, O. Strobel, ”Some schemes of realization digital FIR filters on FPGA for communication applications”, In the proceedings of 20th International Crimean Conference ”Microwave Telecommunication Technology”, 616–619, DOI:10.1109/CRMICO.2010.5632348, (2010).
R.R. Sudharsan, ”Synthesis of FIR Filter using ADC-DAC: A FPGA Implementation”, In the proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Clean Energy and Energy Efficient Electronics Circuit for Sustainable Development (INCCES), 1–3, DOI:10.1109/INCCES47820.2019.9167696, (2019).
H.S.O. Migdadi, R,A. Abd-Alhameed, H.A. Obeidat, J.M. Noras, E.A.A. Qaralleh, M.J. Ngala, ”FIR implementation on FPGA: Investigate the FIR order on SDA and PDA algorithms”, In the proceedings
of Internet Technologies and Applications (ITA), 417–421, DOI:10.1109/ITechA.2015.7317439, (2015).
D. Datta, S. Akhtar, H.S. Dutta, ”FPGA Implementation of Symmetric Systolic FIR Filter using Multi-channel Technique”, In the proceedings of IEEE VLSI DEVICE CIRCUIT AND SYSTEM (VLSI DCS), 225–228, DOI:10.1109/VLSIDCS47293.2020.9179926, (2020).
M.M. Shahbaz, A. Wakeel, Junaid-ur-Rehman, B. Khan, ”FPGA Based Implementation of FIR Filter for FOFDM Waveform”, In the proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital systems (C-CODE), 226–230, DOI:10.1109/CCODE.2019.8681005, (2019).
M. Krzysiek, ”Digital filters realizations for TMS320 signal processors”, Master Thesis, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, (2006).
Intel/Altera, ”Terasic DE2-115 User manual”, Technical data sheet, (2013).
Handson Technology, ”Intel Audio Core for Intel DE Series Boards”, User guide, (2020).
Intel, ”Intel Audio Core for Intel DE Series Boards”, Technical data sheet, (2020).
T. Łuba, ”Synthesis of digital circuits (in Polish)”, Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności, (2003).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.