High – Gain and Wide – Bandwidth Patch Antenna for Fifth Generation Communication Applications at K - Band
Abstract
The patch antenna usually used for many wireless applications, and fifth generation (5G) is the most attracting application in the field of millimeter wave communications recently. The researchers worked on solving problems those considered milestones against using patch antenna for 5G applications such as being an antenna with moderate gain and narrow operating bandwidth with high side lobe levels. In this article a microstrip patch antenna had been presented to operate over the n258 – Band for 5G communications at 26 GHz with an operating bandwidth around than 7 GHz. The proposed antenna was printed on Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. A high gain of 8.10 dB had been achieved with high Front – to – Back ratio of 24.47 dB and very low side lobe levels far field radiation pattern around -17 dB. The proposed antenna covered the operating bandwidth n258 for fifth generation applications in range of (24.25 – 27.50) GHz. The Computer simulation Technology (CST) had been used as a simulation environment for this design.
References
S. N. Nafea, A. Ismail, and R. S. A. R. Abdullah, “Low Side Lobe Level Multilayer Antenna for Wireless Applications,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 58, no. January 2016, pp. 105–111, 2016.
S. Ye et al., “Design of arbitrarily shaped planar microstrip antenna arrays with improved efficiency,” International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2013, 2013, doi: 10.1155/2013/757061. DOI: 10.1155/2013/757061
C. Arora, S. S. Pattnaik, and R. N. Baral, “SRR superstrate for gain and bandwidth enhancement of microstrip patch antenna array,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 73–85, 2017, doi: 10.2528/PIERB17041405. DOI: 10.2528/PIERB17041405
A. R. Vaidya, R. K. Gupta, and S. K. Mishra, “Right-Hand / Left-Hand Circularly Polarized High-Gain Antennas Using Partially Re fl ective Surfaces,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 13, pp. 431–434, 2014.
B. Lv, X. Wang, C. Zheng, J. Huangfu, C. Li, and L. Ran, “Radiation Enhancement for Standard Patch Antennas Using a Loosely Grooved Ground Plane,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 604–607, 2012, doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2202364. DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2202364
A. S. Mekki, M. N. Hamidon, A. Ismail, and A. R. H. Alhawari, “Gain Enhancement of a Microstrip Patch Antenna Using a Reflecting Layer,” International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2015, p. 7, 2015.
N. Q. A. Alshaikhli, M. A. Neamah, and M. I. Aal-Nouman, “Design of triband antenna for telecommunications and network applications,” Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1084–1090, 2022, doi: 10.11591/eei.v11i2.3233. DOI: 10.11591/eei.v11i2.3233
H. Srivastava, A. Singh, A. Rajeev, and U. Tiwari, “Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA) Using Slotted Array Technique,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 699–709, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11277-020-07388-x. DOI: 10.1007/s11277-020-07388-x
N. Bahari, M. F. Jamlos, and M. M. Isa, “Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using artificial magnetic conductor,” Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 166–171, 2019, doi: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1409. DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1409
R. Deshmukh, D. Marathe, and K. D. Kulat, “Microstrip Patch Antenna Gain Enhancement using Near-zero Index Metamaterial Superstrate (NZIM Lens),” 2019 10th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2019, pp. 6–11, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ICCCNT45670.2019.8944470. DOI: 10.1109/ICCCNT45670.2019.8944470
S. N. Nafea, “Improving Performance of Patch Antenna For IEEE 802.16e Applications Using Multi-layer Antenna Structure with Reflector,” NTCCIT 2018 - Al Mansour International Conference on New Trends in Computing, Communication, and Information Technology, pp. 18–22, 2019, doi: 10.1109/NTCCIT.2018.8681183. DOI: 10.1109/NTCCIT.2018.8681183
M. L. Hakim, M. J. Uddin, and M. J. Hoque, “28/38 GHz Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna with DGS and Stub-Slot Configurations and Its 2*2 MIMO Antenna Design for 5G Wireless Communication,” 2020 IEEE Region 10 Symposium, TENSYMP 2020, no. June, pp. 56–59, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TENSYMP50017.2020.9230601. DOI: 10.1109/TENSYMP50017.2020.9230601
A. S. B. Mohammed et al., “Mathematical model on the effects of conductor thickness on the centre frequency at 28 GHz for the performance of microstrip patch antenna using air substrate for 5G application,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 5265–5273, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2021.04.050. DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2021.04.050
M. Nahas, “Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences Design of a high-gain dual-band LI-slotted microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile communication systems,” Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, vol. 15, no. 4, p. 100483, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.100483. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.100483
L. G. Ayalew and F. M. Asmare, “Design and optimization of pi-slotted dual-band rectangular microstrip patch antenna using surface response methodology for 5G applications,” Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 12, p. e12030, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12030. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12030
Y. I. A. Al-Yasir et al., “A new polarization-reconfigurable antenna for 5G wireless communications,” 9th International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks, and Systems (Broadnets 2018) Sept 19-20, Faro, Portugal, pp. 431–437, 2018, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-05195-2_42. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05195-2_42
B. R. Swain and A. K. Sharma, “An investigation of dual-band dual-square ring (DSR) based microstrip antenna for WiFi/WLAN and 5G-NR wireless applications,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, vol. 86, no. June, pp. 17–26, 2019, doi: 10.2528/pierm19060501. DOI: 10.2528/pierm19060501
K. Mazen, A. Emran, A. S. Shalaby, and A. Yahya, “Design of Multi-band Microstrip Patch Antennas for Mid-band 5G Wireless Communication,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 459–469, 2021, doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120557. DOI: 10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120557
T. Kiran, N. Mounisha, C. Mythily, D. Akhil, and T. V. B. P. Kumar, “Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5g Applications,” IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE), vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 14–17, 2018, doi: 10.9790/2834-1301011417. DOI: 10.9790/2834-1301011417
D. Alvarez Outerelo, A. V. Alejos, M. Garcia Sanchez, and M. Vera Isasa, “Microstrip antenna for 5G broadband communications: Overview of design issues,” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest), vol. 2015-Octob, pp. 2443–2444, 2015, doi: 10.1109/APS.2015.7305610. DOI: 10.1109/APS.2015.7305610
D. Imran et al., “Millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile communication,” 2018 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies, ICEET 2018, vol. 2018-Janua, pp. 1–6, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ICEET1.2018.8338623. DOI: 10.1109/ICEET1.2018.8338623
H. M. Marzouk, M. I. Ahmed, and A. A. Shaalan, “Novel dual-band 28/38 GHz MIMO antennas for 5g mobile applications,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 93, no. September, pp. 103–117, 2019, doi: 10.2528/PIERC19032303. DOI: 10.2528/PIERC19032303
A. Abdelaziz and E. K. I. Hamad, “Design of a Compact High Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna for Tri-Band 5G Wireless Communication,” Frequenz, vol. 73, no. 1–2, pp. 45–52, 2019, doi: 10.1515/freq-2018-0058. DOI: 10.1515/freq-2018-0058
A. A. A. Saeed, O. Y. A. Saeed, A. S. A. Gaid, A. M. H. Aoun, and A. A. Sallam, “A low Profile Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Mm-Wave Wireless Applications,” 2021 International Conference of Technology, Science and Administration, ICTSA 2021, pp. 0–4, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ICTSA52017.2021.9406519. DOI: 10.1109/ICTSA52017.2021.9406519
K. Belabbas, D. Khedrouche, and A. Hocini, “Artificial magnetic conductor-based millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna for gain enhancement,” Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, vol. 2021, no. 1, pp. 56–63, 2021, doi: 10.26636/JTIT.2021.148320. DOI: 10.26636/JTIT.2021.148320
A. R. Sabek, A. A. Ibrahim, and W. A. Ali, “Dual-Band Millimeter Wave Microstrip Patch Antenna with StubResonators for 28/38 GHz Applications,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2128, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2128/1/012006. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2128/1/012006
S. N. Nafea and N. N. Khamiss, “For 5G applications, high-gain patch antenna in Ka-Band,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 802–809, 2023, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i2.pp802-809. DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i2.pp802-809
A. Dogra, R. K. Jha, and S. Jain, “A Survey on beyond 5G Network with the Advent of 6G: Architecture and Emerging Technologies,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 67512–67547, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3031234. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3031234
S. N. Nafea, “Compact multilayer patch antenna for wireless sensing network applications at 5.8 GHz,” Conference on Mathematical Sciences and Applications in Engineering: Cmsae-2021, vol. 2797, p. 050021, 2023, doi: 10.1063/5.0148093. DOI: 10.1063/5.0148093
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
