Application of Large Language Models to Automatic Classification of Vulnerabilities According to the CVSS 3.1 Standard
Abstract
We evaluated three chatbot models (ChatGPT-4o-mini, Gemini 2.0 Flash, Deepseek Chat) to automate CVSS 3.1 vulnerability scoring using 4,459 CVE records. Gemini achieved the highest accuracy across prompt strategies, while ChatGPT showed vector-score inconsistencies, and Deepseek underestimated severity. Results suggest that chatbots can support analysts but require validation mechanisms.
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