Design and Implementation of a 1×4 Microstrip Antenna for 5G Applications
Abstract
The rapid development of wireless communication has led to increasing demands for high-speed, low-latency, and high-capacity networks. One of the main challenges in implementing 5G technology is designing antennas that can operate efficiently at higher frequencies while maintaining a wide bandwidth and stable performance. Conventional microstrip antennas often face limitations in bandwidth and gain, making them less ideal for meeting 5G performance requirements. To address this issue, a 1×4 microstrip antenna array was designed and realized using a combination of the Proximity Coupled feeding technique and Defected Ground Structure (DGS) with a U-Slot configuration. The antenna was designed to operate at a center frequency of 2.6 GHz, targeting the 5G mid-band. The design process involved electromagnetic simulation using CST Studio Suite, followed by fabrication and measurement using a microwave analyzer to evaluate real-world performance. Measurement results show that the antenna achieves a bandwidth of 170 MHz, a gain of 7.5 dBi, and a return loss of -25.76 dB, with a directional radiation pattern suitable for 5G. Compared to five related studies, this antenna demonstrates superior performance by combining two optimization techniques and achieving balanced results in both simulation and physical realization. The proposed design outperforms previous works in terms of gain, bandwidth, and impedance matching, making it a strong candidate for further development as a high-performance antenna for 5G communication networks.
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